1. Post-translational modifications in collagen/Order and location of various post-translational processing of collagen
2. DNA packaging in metaphase chromosomes
3. Possible roles of modified histones
4. Major features of human mitochondrial DNA
5. Viral integration and transposons in human genome
6. Structure, function and inhibitors of DNA topoisomerases
7. DNA damage – causes, types, repair pathways and repair fedality
8. Double stranded break repair mechanisms
9. Transcription cycle
10. Transcription control regions for eukaryotic genes
11. Post-trancriptional modification of primary transcript
12. Mechanism of intron removal and alternative splicing
13. Alternative promotor utilization
14. Biogenesis and function of miRNA
15. Degeneracy of genetic code, concept and mechanism of wobbling phenomenon
16. Properties of genetic code
17. Point mutations and frame shift mutations
18. Circularization of mRNA during translation
19. Role of methyl-GTP cap and poly-A tail in translation
20. Antibiotics inhibiting protein synthesis
21. cis and trans epigenetic signals
22. Propagation of epigenetic signal after DNA replication
23. Properties of enhancers
24. DNA motifs
25. Various ways of gene regulation
26. Regulation of mRNA stability
27. Restriction - Enzymes used in recombinant DNA research
28. structure pf plasmid pBR322 and its use in recombinant DNA technology
29. genomic and cDNA library
30. DNA sequencing by Sanger's
31. Transgenic animals and knockout animals
32. Hypoxia induced molecular events leading to altered gene expression